joint resolutions of Congress 〈美〉国会(两院)的联合决议 国会两院的联合决议通过的程序与法案〔bill〕相同，即都必须在两院获得通过，并经总统签署，始成为法律。联合决议是表述国策的重要手段。联合决议不同于共同决议〔concurrent resolution〕，共同决议由一院通过并经另一院批准，但不具法律效力。 (→concurrent resolution)
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A legislative resolution passed by both houses. • It has the force of law and is subject to executive veto. [Cases: Statutes 22, 229. C.J.S. Statutes §§ 2, 28.]
resolution. 1. Parliamentary law. A main motion that formally expresses the sense, will, or action of a deliberative assembly (esp. a legislative body). • A resolution is a highly formal kind of main motion, often containing a preamble, and one or more resolving clauses in the form, “Resolved, That….” concurrent resolution. A resolution passed by
concurrent resolution 〈美〉(美国国会两院的)共同决议国会两院之一以决议形式通过的行为，另一院予以同意，表明在某一特定问题上属两院的共同决议。它必须由两院通过，但无需总统签署。共同决议用于制定或修改两院共同的规则，也可以用来表示两院对特定事项的共同意思表示，如对某国国庆的祝贺。共同决议不同于联合决议〔joint resolution〕，后者须经总统批准，批准后具有法律效力。 (→joint resolutions of Congress)
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Statutes at Large 《制定法大全》 １美国国会每次会期所通过的法律和决议的正式汇编，由联邦登记处〔Office of the Federal Register〕出版，始于1789年。其内容包括两个部分，第一部分为公法〔public acts〕和国会联合决议〔joint resolution〕;第二部分为私法〔private acts〕和国会联合决议、国会共同决议〔concurrent resolution〕、条约、对宪法的建议修正案和已批准的修正案〔proposed and ratified amendments〕以及总统文告〔Presidential proclamations〕。1951年以前各卷的内容按章序〔chapter number〕排列，现在则按公法制定的时间顺序排列，其作用主要是方便检索和引用。２该词在英国最早指1587年由克里斯托弗·巴克〔Christopher Barker〕出版的一本法律汇编，收录从1215年的《大宪章》〔Magna Carta〕到1587年间英格兰的制定法。后来基布尔〔Keble〕、霍金斯〔Hawkins〕、凯〔Cay〕、皮克林〔Pickering〕、拉福黑德〔Ruffhead〕、朗宁顿〔Runnington〕、汤姆林〔Tomlins〕、莱斯拜〔Raithby〕等人出版的法律汇编，也都名为《制定法大全》，这一名称意指其中包括了所有公布过的一般法〔public general statutes〕,以区别于制定法的选编本〔collection of selected statutes〕,如《制定法节略》〔Abridgments〕和《实用制定法》〔Statutes of Practical Utility〕。
minitrial. A private, voluntary, and informal form of dispute resolution in which each party’s attorney presents an abbreviated version of its case to a neutral third party and to the opponent’s representatives, who have settlement authority. • The third party may render an advisory opinion on the anticipated outcome of litigation. Cf. summary jury trial